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Polar Bear, Svalbard Archipelago
Photograph by Ralph Lee Hopkins
As Arctic ice begins to melt, polar bears leave the tundra and venture onto the frozen ocean in search of seals to prey on. Their sharp claws and the fur on the bottoms of their feet give them traction on the slippery surface.
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Caribou Migration
Photograph by Joel Sartore
Migrating caribou on Alaska's North Slope transition from winter snow cover to open grazing grounds. Some herds travel more than 600 miles (965 kilometers) to summer feeding grounds, where they eat up to 12 pounds (5 kilograms) of food each day.
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Caribou Crossing Tundra
Photograph by Norbert Rosing
Caribou, also called reindeer, cross Alaska's Arctic tundra to grazing and calving grounds. Herds will travel up to 50 miles (80 kilometers) a day and can find their destinations even when crossing unfamiliar ground.
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Fireweed
Photograph by Rich Reid
Some 400 wildflower species live in the tundra. In summer they provide unexpected explosions of color, like this fireweed grove near a roadside in Denali, Alaska.
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Polar Bear on Tundra
Photograph by Norbert Rosing
Notoriously harsh because of cold temperatures, short growing season, and minimal rainfall, the tundra does sustain some wildlife. Some species, like this polar bear, have all-white coats to blend with snow.
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