Cycads are plants extending back 250 million years to the early Permian period, before dinosaurs roamed the Earth. Today, just a few types exist, and these face possible extinction in the wild. Jia-rui Chen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences studies living cycads in south China, one of the richest areas of cycad diversity in the world. With a grant from National Geographic, he has been cataloging the trees and hopes to discover new species before threats drive them to extinction, the fate their fossil ancestors met. (Cycadaceae)